In areas where annual rainfall is less than the crop water requirement, providing water for plant is necessary to grow properly without stress. One of the methods that have least damaging to the environment is rainwater harvesting techniques. The Kajaveh system is a local rainwater harvesting system that can be used in very low-slope areas and can be used in a mechanistic manner for annual crops. In order to investigate the operation of the rainwater harvesting system, computer simulations were performed. Estimating rain infiltration on sloping surfaces is the main part of this simulation. In this research, a semi conceptual-experimental method was used to estimate the infiltration of rainfall on sloping surfaces and find a structure with suitable geometric dimensions to rainwater harvesting. The results of the simulation that was prepared using this method were compared with the experimental data and after calibrating the simulation, it was used to study structures with different wall slopes. The results indicate that there is an optimal slope in which the maximum ability of the Kajaveh system to water concentrate occurs. For the soil whit Sand-Loam type, Aggregate structure, precipitation intensity of 11. 49 cm per hour, rainfall duration of 10 minutes and in the conditions of structure formation in this research, a square base structure with 50 cm length and cavity depth of 10 cm (wall slope of about 22 degrees) showed the highest efficiency in water concentrating.

Background and Objectives: Contractions have many uses in supercritical flows, such as flow conveyance from intake channels of dams to tunnel spillways, reduction of chutes width and reduction of flow conveyance time in the flood conduits. In supercritical flows studies, the formation of the shock waves has an important role. Technically, production and development of the mentioned waves are undesirable due to water depth increase because of several times increasing of inflow water depth, its spread at a wide range in downstream of channel and water surface roughness. Any weak design of channels under supercritical condition can cause to scour channel’s bed and walls, damage to equipment in the flow direction, raising maintenance costs and reduce water conveyance efficiency. In the present research, the formation of shock waves in converged transitions of open channel with rectangular and trapezoidal sections was investigated using laboratory and physical models.Materials and Methods: In order to investigate hydraulic parameters of shock waves in the converged transitions, twelve models with different geometries were used. In the present research, the studied geometric variables were the diagonal length of transition walls (0.5, 0.75 and 1 m) and side wall angle (33.69o, 45o, 60o and 90o). In all used models, the convergence ratio was 0.5. The height and instantaneous velocity were measured in different points of formed shock waves in the mentioned models for four different Froude number in the range of 3.25 to 9.23.Results: The measured values in the converged transitions showed that the velocity distribution was not uniform in the vertical direction of shock waves. Also, the results showed that by traveling wave front toward downstream cause to reduce wave velocity and increase wave height so that for various geometries, the changes trend was different. The results showed that on average, and for side slopes angels of 33.69o, 45o and 60o, the maximum height of shock waves was reduced 64.8%, 54.3% and 39.6% respectively in the comparison of trapezoidal and rectangular sections. Also, in the converged transitions and for the mentioned side slope angles, maximum shock wave velocity was reduced 39.1%, 31.6% and 16.5% respectively in the comparison of trapezoidal and rectangular sections.Increasing of side slope angle was accompanied with energy dissipation increment of shock waves for a constant Froude number and transition wall length. Also, maximum value of energy dissipation was seen for 0.5 m of wall length. The values of energy dissipation for the mentioned length, Fr1=7.26 and side slopes angels of 33.69º, 45º, 60º and 90º were achieved 14.69%, 15.43%, 16.34% and 18.72%, respectively.Conclusion: The analysis of the velocity profiles and free surface of shock waves showed that in general the reduction of side slope angle (increasing side slopes) of the transition wall, increase of diagonal wall length of the transition and reduction of Froude number have a direct relationship with the reduction of waves velocity and height. Since channels are constructed in the form of trapezoidal, the obtained results of the present research can be very useful for designer engineers.

In this paper, a new scheme for serial communication is proposed. In this method, in addition to the pulse states (high and low), either of negative slope or positive slope of the pulse (saw-tooth waveform) is employed as a representative for another digit. Using pulse slope as a representative for a separate digit will result in sending two-bit-digits using a single pulse, which doubles the transfer rate. The proposed scheme can be used in both synchronized and asynchronized communications and can improve communication speed. Through simulating the proposed scheme, it turned out that this method, because of its proper immunity to noise, can be used as a peripheral interface alongside in-chip communication. The main idea in the raised discussion is to obtain four different geometric pulse shapes acting as four different numbers in the quaternary numeric system, in which it can be serialized/desrialized as easy as pulse states. This proposed method and the suggested system for serialization and deserialization of data can be an adequate alternative in high-speed communication approaches.

Geologically, northern slope of Alborz Mountain is divided into Khazar plain and northern border regions based on structural and stratigraphic characteristics. In order to study the pushing movement of natural slopes, side slopes in cross sections and geological and geotechnical reasons of landslides in northern slopes of Alborz Mountains, three road axes of Ghaemshahr-Firozkoh, Sari- Kiasar and Rigcheshmeh-Dodangeh have been selected. These regions are formed mostly of eluvial deposit like silty clay or clayed silt along with fine sand, which has a weak firmness. Flowage of water in the superficial layers, causes surface landslides along the slopes, so that thickness of slipped materials is about 6 to 7 m. By analyzing the results of the soil mechanics tests, the causes of failure of landslide are explained. In general, layering of the soil stratum with respect to land slope and dip of soil layers, which are the effective causes of the trenches and embankment stability, are investigated. Limestone layers which are usually perpendicular to land slope, is the reason of increasing safety factor against landslide. In some regions, existence of water in superficial soil layers causes gradual failure or mud flowing. In this research, disturbance of draining water, caused by soil practices of road construction, leads to unstability and side slope sliding is also considered. Finally, shear stress to vertical stress ratio in drained and non-drained conditions are defined as [t/σ n]d ≥0.4 and [t/σ n]u ≥0.25 which can be used as quantitative criteria to forecast the occurrence of landslide.

Introduction: Lectures are a standard aspect across all realms of medical education. Previous studies have shown that visual design of presentation slides can affect learner outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop a slide design rubric grounded in evidence-based, multimedia principles to enable objective evaluation of slide design. Methods: Using the principles described in Mayers’,Principles of Multimedia Learning and Duarte’, s Slide: ology, the authors extracted nineteen items important for slide design. We developed an online, rank-item, survey tool to identify the importance of each item among medical educators. Respondents selected which slide design principles they felt were important when attending a lecture/didactic session and ranked their relative importance. Results: We received 225 responses to the survey. When asked to specifically rank elements from most important to least important, participants gave the most weight to “, readability of figures and data”,and “, [lack of] busy-ness of slide. ”,The lowest ranked elements were “, transitions and animations”,and “, color schemes”, . Using the results of the survey, including the free response, we developed a rubric with relative weighting that followed our survey data. Conclusion: With this information we have applied values to the various aspects of the rubric for a total score of 100. We hope that this rubric can be used for self-assessment or to evaluate and improve slides for educators. Future research will be focused on implementing and validating the slide design survey and ensuring it is easily usable with a high inter-rater reliability and whether self-assessment with the rubric improves presentation design and education quality.

Structures resting on sloping ground are highly vulnerable to earthquakes due to irregularities in plan and elevation. Structures are often analysed under earthquake loadings, without considering the effect of soil– structure interaction (SSI). This practice is not advisable from practical point of view. In this present study, an attempt has been made to study the effect of slope angle variation for the structures resting on sloping ground, considering the base of the structures fixed as well as flexible (SSI). The analysis is performed in equivalent static force method (ESFM), response spectrum method (RSM), time history method (THM), nonlinear static method (NLSM) and nonlinear time history method (NLTHM). Results expose the criticality associated with increment of slope angle, with and without SSI consideration. Importance of considering SSI in seismic analysis is also revealed.

In layered and blocky rock slopes, toppling failure is a common mode of instability that may occur in mining engineering. If this type of slope failure occurs as a consequence of another type of failure, it is referred to as the secondary toppling failure. “ Slide-headtoppling” is a type of secondary toppling failures, where the upper part of the slope is toppled as a consequence of a semi-circular sliding failure at the toe of the slope. In this research work, the slide-head-toppling failure is examined through a series of numerical modeling. Phase 2, as a software written based on the finite element method, is used in this work. Different types of slide-head-toppling failures including blocky, blockflexural, and flexural are simulated. A good agreement can be observed when the results of the numerical modeling are compared with those for the pre-existing physical modeling and analytical method.